Search for Gamma-Ray Bursts with the ARGO-YBJ Detector in Shower Mode

Bartoli, B.; Bernardini, P.; X. J., Bi; Cao, Z.; Catalanotti, S.; Chen, S. Z.; Chen, T. L.; Cui, S. W.; Dai, B. Z.; D'Amone, A.; Danzengluobu, Null; De Mitri, I.; Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre; Girolamo, T. Di; Sciascio, G. Di; Feng, C. F.; Feng, Zhaoyang; Feng, Zhenyong; Gao, W.; Gou, Q. B.; Guo, Y. Q.; H. H., He; Haibing, Hu; Hongbo, Hu; Iacovacci, M.; Iuppa, R.; Jia, H. Y.; Labaciren, Null; H. J., Li; Liu, C.; Liu, J.; Liu, M. Y.; Lu, H.; L. L., Ma; X. H., Ma; Mancarella, G.; Mari, S. M.; Marsella, G.; Mastroianni, S.; Montini, P.; Ning, C. C.; Perrone, L.; Pistilli, P.; Salvini, P.; Santonico, R.; Shen, P. R.; Sheng, X. D.; Shi, F.; Surdo, A.; Tan, Y. H.; Vallania, P.; Vernetto, S.; Vigorito, C.; Wang, H.; C. Y., Wu; H. R., Wu; Xue, L.; Yang, Q. Y.; Yang, X. C.; Yao, Z. G.; Yuan, A. F.; Zha, M.; Zhang, H. M.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, X. Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, J.; Zhaxiciren, Null; Zhaxisangzhu, Null; Zhou, X. X.; Zhu, F. R.; Zhu, Q. Q.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa74bc

The ARGO-YBJ detector, located at the Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (4300 m a. s. l., Tibet, China), was a "full coverage" (central carpet with an active area of ~93%) air shower array dedicated to gamma-ray astronomy and cosmic-ray studies. The wide field of view (~2 sr) and high duty cycle (>86%), made ARGO-YBJ suitable to search for short and unexpected gamma-ray emissions like gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Between 2007 November 6 and 2013 February 7, 156 satellite-triggered GRBs (24 of them with known redshift) occurred within the ARGO-YBJ field of view (zenith angle θ ≤ 45°). A search for possible emission associated with these GRBs has been made in the two energy ranges 10–100 GeV and 10–1000 GeV. No significant excess has been found in time coincidence with the satellite detections nor in a set of different time windows inside the interval of one hour after the bursts. Taking into account the EBL absorption, upper limits to the energy fluence at a 99% confidence level have been evaluated, with values ranging from ~10−5 erg cm−2 to ~10−1 erg cm−2. The Fermi-GBM burst GRB 090902B, with a high-energy photon of 33.4 GeV detected by Fermi-LAT, is discussed in detail.